Nerd Reference: Julian Jaynes, an American psychologist, was notorious for his 1976 book in which he argued that man was once 'bicameral'. He asked: how is it that much of what we do is not 'conscious' (e.g. you can even talk without being 'conscious' of it, if we define 'conscious' as a presently aware and deliberate control of one's action), that we leave so much of our daily life to the nonconscious? What if man once behaved - indeed, built civilisation - without being 'conscious' int he same way we are? Latching onto emerging findings in neuroscience, he asked: why are the 3 areas of the brain which govern speech, including Wernicke's Area, all in the left hemisphere (for right-handed people)? Why, in writings as late as The Iliad, do we find no mention of 'consciousness' or any 'mental activity', even though we hear talk of gods and many other things besides? Essentially, Jaynes made an argument that man was once bicameral, and our right hemisphere also had corresponding speech functions, through which man literally 'heard voices'. Thus, for ancient man, the Gods were real insofar as you could hear them speak to you; you were not 'conscious' and did not have 'memory' or an ego in the same sense.
The thesis is almost impossible to confirm, of course, and has been much maligned, but I must say reading this book greatly heightened my enjoyment of the Codex. (Also, I have no idea how Hiver isn't dying, he's been maimed for 20 years and I never reloaded...)